Difference between revisions of "Intermediate C++ Game Programming Tutorial 25"
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:* Pointer to function stores the address to the first instruction of a function in memory | :* Pointer to function stores the address to the first instruction of a function in memory | ||
:* Functions are just a collection of instruction bytes in memory. If you jump to the memory address of the first instruction, you essentially execute the function | :* Functions are just a collection of instruction bytes in memory. If you jump to the memory address of the first instruction, you essentially execute the function | ||
| − | * Declaring a function pointer: <code>int(*pFunc)(int);</code> can point to any function that takes an int and returns an int | + | * Declaring a function pointer: <code>int(*pFunc)(int);</code> pFunc can now point to any function that takes an int and returns an int |
::<syntaxhighlight lang="python" line> | ::<syntaxhighlight lang="python" line> | ||
int Double( int x ) | int Double( int x ) | ||
Revision as of 03:25, 11 February 2020
Function pointers allow you to store and change what function is to be called dynamically at runtime. Combine that with containers to have collections of actions/behaviors that can be selected from, and then jam in the power std::function to allow you to wrap up pretty much any kind of callable thing and bring them together in one container. Groovy.
Topics Covered
- Function pointers
- Functionoids
-
std::function
Bonus Video
- Pointers to member functions
- std::bind
- std::mem_fn
- std::reference_wrapper (a little)
- Pointer to static member function (it's the same as for normal funcy bois)
- You can use normal func pointers for lambdas if they do not capture anything
Video Timestamp Index
- How to switch on a string? (execute some code based on the string passed to the switch) 0:15
- One way to do this is with a map to polymorphic functors
- The Functionoid Pattern (objects that encapsulate function pointers) looks like this:
#include <iostream> #include <memory> #include <unordered_map> #include <string> struct CaseFunction { virtual void operator()() const = 0; }; struct SixtyNine : public CaseFunction { void operator()() const override; { std::cout << "The S number\n"; } }; int main() { std::unordered_map<std::string,std::unique_ptr<CaseFunction>> sw; sw["sixty-nine"] = std::make_unique<SixtyNine>(); (*sw["sixty-nine"])(); return 0; }
- But Chili is not a fan of this:
- - awkward syntax to invoke the switch,
- - need to revert to unique pointer protection
- - forced to put data on the heap
- - need to code derived classes for new functors
- Alternative route: use function pointers 5:13
- Idea is similar to pointing to data (stores the address of the data in memory
- Pointer to function stores the address to the first instruction of a function in memory
- Functions are just a collection of instruction bytes in memory. If you jump to the memory address of the first instruction, you essentially execute the function
- Declaring a function pointer:
int(*pFunc)(int);pFunc can now point to any function that takes an int and returns an int
int Double( int x ) { return x * 2; } int main() { int ( *pFunc )(int); pFunc = Double; ... }
- [Work in Progress]
Homework Assignment
This homework might wreck your butthole a little, but hopefully not too badly. Anyways, you get the code from the repo, you try and get it to build. The project requires Box2D, but the repo doesn't have it included so you're gonna need to wrangle it yourself. The easiest way to accomplish this is to pull in dependencies into your system with vcpkg. Some of you are probably going to run into some speed bumps at this point getting vcpkg to work on your system, but I recommend powering through and not giving the fuck up, because vcpkg is immensely useful for adding amazing libraries to your projects easily. If you search YouTube, you'll find a video of me showing how to install vcpkg and use it to grab SFML, so that might be a good starting point.
After you get that shit working, the party has just started. Then you need to figure out how the codebase actually works. Use all the tools at your disposal (debugger, Google, Box2D documentation, etc.), and don't get bogged down in unimportant distractions (you don't need to know how the triangle rendering pipeline works to understand the general simulation system, for example).
The actual tasks are, as laid out in the video:
- Implement destruction of boxes when two boxes with the same color trait hit each other
- Implement a box splitting mechanic
- Implement a pattern matching collision event manager based on std::unordered_map (this is the main task that ties into Intermediate 25)
- Use the pattern matching system together with box splitting and other effects to define simulation with various action that occur based on what colors of boxes collide with each other.
Chili will hook you up with a solution video that A) explains the starting codebase in some detail and B) goes over the process of implementing all the the above.
The repo: GitHub
