Difference between revisions of "Intermediate C++ Game Programming Tutorial 18"
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* Presenting the template class <code>Behavior</code> within the class <code>Entity</code> [https://youtu.be/cdOB_gKnJOM?t=15m22s 15:22] | * Presenting the template class <code>Behavior</code> within the class <code>Entity</code> [https://youtu.be/cdOB_gKnJOM?t=15m22s 15:22] | ||
| − | * How to | + | * How to transition between behavioral states? [https://youtu.be/cdOB_gKnJOM?t=16m35s 16:35] |
<div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | ||
** Associate each state with a stack of successor states that are consecutively called | ** Associate each state with a stack of successor states that are consecutively called | ||
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* The performance impact of using Virtual Functions [https://youtu.be/cdOB_gKnJOM?t=19m36s 19:36] | * The performance impact of using Virtual Functions [https://youtu.be/cdOB_gKnJOM?t=19m36s 19:36] | ||
| − | ** The direct impact: If you use virtual functions in a class, all objects of that class will have to store a (hidden) pointer to a virtual function table (" | + | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| + | ** The direct impact: If you use virtual functions in a class, all objects of that class will have to store a (hidden) pointer to a virtual function table ("vtable") | ||
** The v-table holds pointers to code for each virtual function supported by the object. It is used as a lookup table to determine which functions are being called at runtime | ** The v-table holds pointers to code for each virtual function supported by the object. It is used as a lookup table to determine which functions are being called at runtime | ||
** An indirect impact: because the compiler does not know which function will be called at runtime, it can't inline any virtual functions that are being dynamically bound | ** An indirect impact: because the compiler does not know which function will be called at runtime, it can't inline any virtual functions that are being dynamically bound | ||
| − | ** The difference in performance is not problematic, except for specific (rare) cases | + | ** The difference in performance is generally not problematic, except for specific (rare) cases |
| − | + | </div> | |
| − | + | * An example of where performance actually matters: The SpriteEffect system [https://youtu.be/cdOB_gKnJOM?t=21m07s 21:07] | |
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| + | ** The SpriteEffect system (see [[Intermediate C++ Game Programming Tutorial 14|Intermediate Tutorial 14]]) uses functors to define drawing behavior. These functors are called on heavily as they contain PutPixel calls | ||
| + | ** In theory, virtual functions would be nicer, as you could swap out different effects dynamically at runtime (can't do that with a functor). | ||
| + | ** However, in that scenario the use of virtual functions would introduce performance issues | ||
| + | ** The choice depends on the estimated frequency of function calls (relevant when greater than O(1E6) calls/second) | ||
| + | </div> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
Latest revision as of 03:55, 15 October 2019
Another two-parter here, and we got the real stuff now. Virtual functions allow you to unlock the true potential of inheritance in C++. You need to know this shit.
Contents
[hide]Topics Covered
Part 1
- How to create a virtual function
- Using the override keyword
- Creating a pure virtual function
- Using a container of pointers to manage a heterogeneous collection of objects
- virtual destructors
Part 2
- Using inheritance and composition together
- Basic idea of a polymorphic state machine and its application to entity behavior
Video Timestamp Index
[Expand]
- Creating a "Virtual Function" in the
MemeFighterclass 0:23
- Enabling "Dynamic Dispatch" by using
virtualon the member function in the base class 3:17
- Applying the
overridekeyword to increase code safety 5:17
- Making a base class member function "Pure Virtual" using
virtual void Func(...) = 0;7:08
- We have now applied the concept of "Polymorphism" 9:16
- Applying Polymorphism to a container of pointers to the shared base type of different derived class objects 9:46
- Applying Polymorphism to objects created on the heap (dynamic memory management) 13:46
- "Virtual Destructors": Managing destructors in base and derived classes 14:48
- Review of termonology and concepts learned 19:49
[Expand]
- Design choices in class hierarchy: inheritance vs. composition 0:43
- Adjusting the MemeFighter code to include the
Weaponclass 4:20
- Add feature where one fighter can take the other fighter's weapon 11:36
- Recap of advantage of the inheritance-composition construct 14:00
- One more real world example used in RPG Project Twin: a finite "State Machine" for a Boss Battle 14:28
- Presenting the template class
Behaviorwithin the classEntity15:22 - How to transition between behavioral states? 16:35
- The performance impact of using Virtual Functions 19:36
- An example of where performance actually matters: The SpriteEffect system 21:07
Source Code
Errata
- Forgot the virtual destructor for
class Weapon! (this one hurts) - In the children, the function signatures should be:
int CalculateDamage( const Attributes& attr,Dice& d ) const override - Though not technically an error, it might have been a better decision to make
Weapon::GetName()andWeapon::GetRank()(pure) virtual functions (this would reduce the amount of per-instance data to just the vtable ptr)
